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The basics of surge protection:
Various types of fluctuations commonly occur in electrical distribution systems, these fluctuations differ with respect to origin, duration, amplitude and impact. While there is no way of predicting exactly the occurrence or intensity of surge that may affect any given installation, research and testing has identified the origins of the most damaging surges.
- Over-voltage
Various types of power voltage surges can strike electrical and electronic systems without warning. SPDs are designed to mitigate transients or surges, which are high intensity, but very short duration (Millisecond or less) overvoltage events. - Switching operations
Electrical grid operations, including transformer and sub-station switching operations, large electric motors or other inductive loads, sparking or faulty motor commutators, and powerline disturbances caused by construction or wind all generate electromagnetic pulses, also known as Switching Electro Magnetic Pulses (SEMPs for short.) - Lightning strikes
Lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs for short) have the greatest destructive power of all voltage surges. An indirect lightning strike can still lead to a surge of several kilovolts with a surge current of thousands of amps.